Repensando la evitación noticiosa: hacia una agenda de investigación latinoamericana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.62.91952Palabras clave:
consumos informativos, América Latina, asuntos públicos, evitación de noticiasResumen
El fenómeno de la evitación de noticias ha cobrado protagonismo como respuesta a diversos factores convergentes, como una disminución sostenida del consumo noticioso tradicional, el cansancio frente a las noticias o la desconfianza hacia los medios. Este trabajo conceptual examina la pertinencia y la especificidad de este debate en el contexto latinoamericano y aboga por una aproximación situada al estudio del fenómeno. Para ello, se realiza una intervención en tres tiempos: primero, se analizan los principales debates sobre evitación noticiosa en la literatura internacional para identificar las principales corrientes, discrepancias y consensos a nivel conceptual y empírico. En segundo lugar, se identifican las particularidades de ciertos trabajos recientes producidos en América Latina que abordan problemáticas relacionadas con las prácticas de evitación noticiosa para caracterizar líneas de investigación predominantes. Se constata que prevalece una aproximación fragmentaria que dificulta el diálogo entre hallazgos, por lo que -en tercer lugar- se propone una agenda de investigación que considere fenómenos como la relación entre evitación y desigualdad social, la creciente diversidad de prácticas de consumo informativo, el análisis de la evitación noticiosa desde una perspectiva política, y el replanteo del concepto de noticia y su consumo como única ruta de acceso y participación en los asuntos públicos.
Descargas
Citas
Andersen, K., Shehata, A., Skovsgaard, M., & Strömbäck, J. (2024a). Selective News Avoidance: Consistency and Temporality. Communication Research, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502231221689
Andersen, K., Toff, B., & Ytre-Arne, B. (2024b). Introduction: What We (Don’t) Know About News Avoidance. Journalism Studies, 25(12), 1367–1384. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2393131
Aruguete, N. & Calvo, E. (2023). Nosotros contra ellos. Cómo trabajan las redes para confirmar nuestras creencias y rechazar las de los otros (Us vs. them: how social media reinforces our beliefs and rejects those of others). Siglo XX.
Aruguete, N., Calvo, E., & Ventura, T. (2021). News sharing, gatekeeping, and polarization: a study of the# Bolsonaro election. Digital Journalism, 9(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1852094
Aruguete, N., Calvo, E. & Franco, C. (In press). Abortion, Gender Violence, and Digital Platforms: A comparative study of political attitudes, news browsing, and content sharing. In D. Harp, I. Bachmann, & J. Loke, J. (Eds.), Handbook on Gender and Digital Media. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bennett, W. L. (2020). Communicating the future: solutions for environment, economy and democracy. John Wiley & Sons.
Betakova, D., Boomgaarden, H., Lecheler, S., & Schäfer, S. (2024). I Do Not (Want To) Know! The Relationship Between Intentional News Avoidance and Low News Consumption. Mass Communication and Society, 28(3), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2024.2304759
Blekesaune, A., Elvestad, E., & Aalberg, T. (2012). Tuning out the world of news and current affairs: An empirical study of Europe’s disconnected citizens. European Sociological Review, 28(1), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcq051
Boczkowski, P. J., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2018). “News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure”: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media. New Media and Society, 20(10), 3523–3539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817750396
Boczkowski, P. J., & Mitchelstein, E. (2021). The digital environment: How we live, learn, work, and play now. MIT Press.
Boulianne, S. (2015). Online news, civic awareness, and engagement in civic and political life. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1840–1856. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616222
Castro, L., Strömbäck, J., Esser, F., Van Aelst, P., de Vreese, C., Aalberg, T., Cardenal, A. S., Corbu, N., Hopmann, D. N., Koc-Michalska, K., Matthes, J., Schemer, C., Sheafer, T., Splendore, S., Stanyer, J., Stępińska, A., Štětka, V., & Theocharis, Y. (2022). Navigating High-Choice European Political Information Environments: A Comparative Analysis of News User Profiles and Political Knowledge. International Journal of Press/Politics, 27(4), 827–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211012572
CEPAL. (2020). Universalizar el acceso a las tecnologías digitales para enfrentar los efectos del COVID-19 (Universalize access to digital technologies to address the effects of COVID-19). https://hdl.handle.net/11362/45938
Condeza, R., Bachmann, I., & Mujica, C. (2014). El consumo de noticias de los adolescentes chilenos: Intereses, motivaciones y percepciones sobre la agenda informativa (News Consumption among Chilean Adolescents: Interests, Motivations and Perceptions on the News Agenda). Comunicar, 22(43), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.3916/C43-2014-05
Costera Meijer, I., & Groot Kormelink, T. (2021). Changing news use: Unchanged news experiences? Routledge.
Chadwick, A. (2013). The Hybrid Media System. Oxford University Press.
Edgerly, S. (2017). Making Sense and Drawing Lines: Young adults and the mixing of news and entertainment. Journalism Studies, 18(8), 1052–1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1100522
Edgerly, S. (2022). The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes about the news media relate to levels of news consumption. Journalism, 23(9), 1828–1845. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211012922
Espeland, E. (2024). The Dynamics of Political Interest and News Media Avoidance: A Generational and Longitudinal Perspective. Journalism Studies, 25(12), 1476–1497. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2366338
Focás, B., & Paniagua Rojano, F. (2024). Presentación: Las audiencias en el centro de la estrategia de los medios (Presentation: audiences at the center of media strategy). Comunicación y Sociedad, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2024.8913
García, A. P. P., Brussino, S., & Alonso, D. (2020). Efectos del tratamiento periodístico sesgado ideológicamente en el procesamiento cognitivo de información política. Un abordaje experimental (Effects of ideologically biased journalistic treatment in cognitive processing of political information. An experimental approach). Opinião Pública, 26(2), 351-376. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912020262351
García-González, L. A., & Bailey Guedes, O. (2020). Memes de Internet y violencia de género a partir de la protesta feminista# UnVioladorEnTuCamino (Internet memes and gender-based violence after the feminist protest #ARapistInYourPath). Virtualis, 11(21), 109–136. https://doi.org/10.2123/virtualis.v11i21.337
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Weeks, B., & Ardèvol-Abreu, A. (2017). Effects of the News-Finds-Me Perception in Communication: Social Media Use Implications for News Seeking and Learning About Politics. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22(3), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12185
González-Moreno, D., & Elías, C. (2024). La influencia de Facebook y sus cambios de algoritmos en el periodismo y las fake news (The influence of Facebook and its algorithm changes on journalism and fake news) Ámbitos. Revista Internacional De Comunicación, (63), 100–125. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2024.i63.06
Gorski, L. C., & Thomas, F. (2022). Staying Tuned or Tuning Out? A Longitudinal Analysis of News-Avoiders on the Micro and Macro-Level. Communication Research, 49(7), 942–965. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502211025907
Goyanes, M., Ardèvol-Abreu, A., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2023). Antecedents of News Avoidance: Competing Effects of Political Interest, News Overload, Trust in News Media, and “News Finds Me” Perception. Digital Journalism, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1990097
Gutiérrez Vidrio, S., & Reyna Ruíz, M. (2020). Los memes en la política: primer debate de la contienda presidencial mexicana 2018 (Memes in Politics: First Debate in the 2018 Mexican Presidential Race). Virtualis, 11(21), 89–108. https://www.revistavirtualis.mx/index.php/virtualis/article/view/338
Habermas, J. (1986). La esfera de lo público (The Public Sphere). In F. Galván (Comp.), Touraine y Habermas. Ensayos de Teoría Social (Touraine and Habermas. Essays on Social Theory) (pp. 123–130). UAM-A/UAP.
Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news: The emergence of ambient journalism. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512781003640703
Kalogeropoulos, A., Suiter, J., Udris, L., & Eisengger, M. (2019). News media trust and news consumption: Factors related to trust in news in 35 countries. International Journal of Communication, 13, 3672–3693. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10141
Karlsen, R., Beyer, A., & Steen-Johnsen, K. (2020). Do High-Choice Media Environments Facilitate News Avoidance? A Longitudinal Study 1997–2016. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 64(5), 794–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1835428
Kim, J. W., & Kim, E. (2021). Temporal selective exposure: How partisans choose when to follow politics. Political Behavior, 43, 1663–1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09690-1
Ksiazek, T. B., Malthouse, E. C., & Webster, J. G. (2010). News-seekers and avoiders: Exploring patterns of total news consumption across media and the relationship to civic participation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 54(4), 551–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.519808
Lazcano-Peña, D., Bustamante Pavez, G., Lagos Lira, C., & Cabalín Quijada, C. (2023). “Me enteré por Instagram”. Consumo y competencias mediáticas de jóvenes de sectores populares y medios en Chile (“I saw it on Instagram”: media consumption and media literacy on high-schoolers from working- and middle-class background in Chile). Contratexto, (40), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2023.n40.6393
Lodola, G., & Kitzberger, P. (2017). Politización y confianza en los medios de comunicación: Argentina durante el kirchnerismo (Politicization and Trust in the Media: Argentina during the Kirchner Years). Revista De Ciencia Política, 37(3), 635–658. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300635
Martín-Barbero, J. M. (1990). Teoría, investigación, producción en la enseñanza de la comunicación (Theory, Research, and Production in Communication Education) Diálogos de la Comunicación, 28(8), 1–18.
Mazzaro, K. (2023). Anti-Media Discourse and Violence Against Journalists: Evidence from Chávez’s Venezuela. International Journal of Press/Politics, 28(3), 469–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211047198
Matthes, J. (2022). Social media and the political engagement of young adults: Between mobilization and distraction. Online Media and Global Communication, 1(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2022-0006
McCoy, J. (2022). Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia (Reflections on populism and polarization in Latin America and their consequences for democracy). Desafíos, 34(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.11307
Mellado, C., & Cruz, A. (2024). Navegando la sobrecarga informativa: un estudio de distintos tipos de evitación de noticias entre las audiencias en Chile (Navigating the information overload: a study of different types of news avoidance among audiences in Chile). Cuadernos.Info, (59), 48–70. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.59.76243
Mont'Alverne, C., Ross Arguedas, A., Toff, B., & Badrinathan, S. (2021, February 2). Trust in the media in Latin America: the same old story? LSE. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/02/02/trust-in-the-media-in-latin-america-the-same-old-story/
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Eddy, K., Robertson, C., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023. University of Oxford.
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Robertson, C. T., Arguedas, A. R., & Nielsen, R. K. (2024). Reuters Institute Digital News Report. University of Oxford.
Ohme, J., Araujo, T., Zarouali, B., & de Vreese, C. H. (2022). Frequencies, Drivers, and Solutions to News Non-Attendance: Investigating Differences Between Low News Usage and News (Topic) Avoidance with Conversational Agents. Journalism Studies, 23(12), 1510–1530. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2102533
Orchard, X., & Correa, S. (2022). El estallido social como incidente crítico para la autoridad epistémica del periodismo (The social uprising as a critical incident for journalism’s epistemic authority). In A. Faure, A. & C. Lagos (Eds.), Campo en Obras. Postales y apuntes sobre los estudios de periodismo en Chile (Work in Progress. Postcards and notes on journalism studies in Chile (pp. 49–64). Editorial USACH.
Orchard, X., & Fergnani, M. (2024). From complicit journalism to militant journalism: politicians as media critics and strategic news users in contested political scenarios. Brazilian Journalism Research, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v20n3.2024.1677
Ortega Mohedano, F., González Ispierto, B., & Pérez Peláez, M. E. (2015). Audiencias en revolución, usos y consumos de las aplicaciones de los medios de comunicación en tabletas y teléfonos inteligentes (Audiences in revolution. Use and consumption of mass media groups’ apps for tablets and smartphones) Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (70), 627–651. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1063
Palmer, R., Toff, B., & Nielsen, R. K. (2023). Examining Assumptions Around How News Avoidance Gets Defined: The Importance of Overall News Consumption, Intention, and Structural Inequalities. Journalism Studies, 24(6), 697–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2183058
Peña y Lillo, M., & Guzmán, P. (2022). Búsqueda, escaneo y evitación de información sobre COVID-19 en Chile (Seeking, scanning, and avoiding information about COVID-19 in Chile). Cuadernos.Info, (53), 184–204. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.53.47775
Prior, M. (2007). Post-Broadcast Democracy. How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. Cambridge University Press.
Ramírez-Dueñas, J. M., & Humanes, M. L. (2023). Exposición selectiva y polarización de audiencias. Un análisis a través del consumo acumulado de información política en España (Selective exposure and audience polarization. An analysis through the accumulated consumption of political information in Spain). Cuadernos.Info, (56), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.56.59797
Ramírez Monge, D., & Siles González, I. (2020). Prácticas y dinámicas de creación de memes en Costa Rica (Practices and dynamics of meme creation in Costa Rica). Virtualis, 11(21), 68–88. https://hdl.handle.net/10669/82341
Rocamora Villena, V., Peña y Lillo, M., Junge Cerda, P., & Prieto Bravo, C. (2023). Grupos de riesgo por COVID-19 y sus estrategias para enfrentar la sobrecarga informativa en el primer año de la pandemia en Chile (COVID-19 risk groups and their strategies for navigating information overload during the first year of the pandemic in Chile). Salud Colectiva, 19, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2023.4305
Schäfer, S., Aaldering, L., & Lecheler, S. (2023). “Give Me a Break!” Prevalence and Predictors of Intentional News Avoidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mass Communication and Society, 26(4), 671–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2125406
Sibrian Díaz, N., Alfaro, A., Núñez, J. C., & Zúñiga Rodríguez, V. (2024). Evitación mediática en respuesta al ciberodio hacia personas migrantes en Chile (Media avoidance in response to cyberhate towards migrants in Chile). Index.comunicación, 14(2), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.62008/ixc/14/02Evitac
Siles, I., Salas, M. F., & Waisbord, S. (2024). How migrants experience information uncertainty and vulnerability: Lessons for (dis)information studies. Social Media+Society, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241292571
Siles, I., Valiati, V. A. D., Valerio-Alfaro, L., & Ferreira, A. (2025). Tropicalizing platformization? Tensions in research on algorithms and platforms in Latin America. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 28(1), 332–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779241256376
Skarsbø Lindtner, S., & Uberg Nærland, T. (2024). News Avoidance and Poverty: Intersectional Marginalization in the Norwegian “Media Welfare State.” Journalism Studies, 25(12), 1498–1515. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2326075
Skovsgaard, M., & Andersen, K. (2019). Conceptualizing News Avoidance: Towards a Shared Understanding of Different Causes and Potential Solutions Conceptualizing News Avoidance: Towards a Shared Understanding of Different Causes and Potential Solutions. Journalism Studies, 21(4), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1686410
Strömbäck, J., Djerf-Pierre, M., & Shehata, A. (2013). The dynamics of political interest and news media consumption: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(4), 414–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/eds018
Tarullo, R. (2021). “Por Instagram y todos los días”: Repertorios informativos de estudiantes universitarios del centro de Argentina On Instagram and every day”: Informative repertoires of undergraduates in central Argentina) Dixit, (34), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.22235/d34.2265
Timmermans, S., & Tavory, I. (2012). Theory construction in qualitative research: From grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociological Theory, 30(3), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275112457914
Toff, B., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2020). All the news That’s fit to ignore: How the information environment does and does not shape news avoidance. Public Opinion Quarterly, 84(S1), 366–390. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa016
Toff, B., & Nielsen, R. K. (2022). How News Feels: Anticipated Anxiety as a Factor in News Avoidance and a Barrier to Political Engagement. Political Communication, 39(6), 697–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2022.2123073
Toff, B., & Palmer, R. A. (2019). Explaining the Gender Gap in News Avoidance: “News-Is-for-Men” Perceptions and the Burdens of Caretaking. Journalism Studies, 20(11), 1563–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1528882
Vergara, A., Siles, I., Castro, A. C., & Chaves, A. (2021). The Mechanisms of “Incidental News Consumption”: an Eye Tracking Study of News Interaction on Facebook. Digital Journalism, 9(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1813047
Villi, M., Aharoni, T., Tenenboim-Weinblatt, K., Boczkowski, P. J., Hayashi, K., Mitchelstein, E., Tanaka, A., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2022). Taking a Break from News: A Five-nation Study of News Avoidance in the Digital Era. Digital Journalism, 10(1), 148–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1904266
Waisbord, S. (2022). What is next for de-westernizing communication studies? Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 17(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2022.2041645
Wagner, M. C., & Boczkowski, P. (2019). Angry, frustrated, and overwhelmed: The emotional experience of consuming news about President Trump. Journalism. 22(7), 1577-1593. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919878545
Woodstock, L. (2013). The news-democracy narrative and the unexpected benefits of limited news consumption: The case of news resisters. Journalism, 15(7), 834–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913504260
Ytre-Arne, B., & Moe, H. (2021). Doomscrolling, Monitoring and Avoiding: News Use in COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Journalism Studies, 22(13), 1739–1755. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1952475
Archivos adicionales
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ximena Orchard Rieiro, Natalia Aruguete, Ignacio Siles

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.












